They consist of reference line patterns with well-defined thicknesses and spacings and are designed to be placed in the same plane as the object being imaged. Resolution test targets are typically used to measure the resolution of an imaging system.
Combined Resolution and Distortion Target. High-Contrast Positive Reflective Versions Available. Positive NBS 1952 Resolution Test Targets. Positive and Negative 1951 USAF and NBS 1963A Resolution Test Targets. The svg version with its Matlab code were also uploaded to Wikipedia (English and German).An R2L2S1N NBS 1963A Resolution Target Mounted in an XYF1 Test Target Positioner Features siemens_star_m.pdf A Matlab script where you can choose the number of strokes. siemens_star.svg An svg version with 64 stripes. Beware that many vector formats nowadays support (or are rendered as) raster graphics you will recognize pure vector format by its small file size, or that they can be enlarged indefinitely without jagged contours. So that only the resolution of the displaying device comes into play. To work properly, a Siemens star should best be given as vector graphics (svg, pdf, eps, emf, ai, etc.), See our paper Blur Unblurred (Strasburger, Heinrich, Bach i-Perception 2018 open access) for explanations. 
The latter lets one see stripes towards the center of the Siemens star that are not physically presentĪnd have the opposite polarity relative to the actual stripes. Uncorrected short-sightedness) gives rise to spurious resolution. Its luminance profile is rectangular and under optical blur (by, e.g., bad accommodation or The Siemens star is a radial pattern used to test the resolution of optical instruments.
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